Alimentación en población infantil inmigrante recién llegada / Infant feeding in recent immigrant population

Introducción. El exceso o defecto de nutrientes se ha relacionado con problemas de salud. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los hábitos alimentarios de los inmigrantes a su llegada y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y patologías asociadas. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo observacional transversal. Población: niños inmigrantes con edad entre 6 meses y 15 años. Variables: edad, sexo y país de procedencia. En los menores de 24 meses introducción de los alimentos según la OMS y la ESPGHAN. En toda la población: raciones de cereales/farináceos, frutas, verduras, lácteos, proteínas, legumbres, aceites/grasas, bollería, dulces y golosinas, bebidas refrescantes, aperitivos salados, frutos secos, cacao, té y café. Presencia o no de: talla baja, obesidad y caries. Resultados. En los menores de 24 meses de edad se encontraron porcentajes elevados de introducción incorrecta de ciertos alimentos (36,7% leche de vaca). En la población estudiada se observan raciones insuficientes de alimentos (28,4% en verduras), excesos (47,2% en embutidos) y dieta incorrecta en el 32,6%. Se encontró significación estadística entre procedencia y déficit de alimentos (lácteos el 39,10% de los indopakistaníes) o excesos (embutidos en el 71,8% de los de Caribe). En la valoración de la dieta: correcta en el 57,1% de los magrebíes o incorrecta del 48,1% de los indopakistaníes y 43,1% en los de Europa del Este. Conclusiones. Se han de tener en cuenta las prácticas alimentarias inadecuadas encontradas y la asociación a ciertas procedencias por al riesgo que pueden suponer para la salud infantil y adulta. Su abordaje requiere recursos para acciones preventivas y educativas específicas (AU)

Introduction. The excess or deficiency of nutrients have related health problems. The aim of this study is to describe the eating habits of immigrants on their arrival and their relationship with socio-demographic variables and pathologies associated. Methods. A descriptive, observational transversal study. Population: immigrants between 6 months and 15 years. Variables: age, sex and country of origin. Children under 24 months food supply introduction according to WHO and ESPGHAN. In the entire population: cereal/farinaceous rations, fruits, vegetables, milk, protein, legumes, oils and fats, pastry, sweets and candy, soft drinks, salty snacks, nuts, cocoa, tea and coffee. Presence or not: low share, obesity and caries. Results. In children under 24 months were found significant percentages in incorrect introduction of certain foods (36.7% milk cow). In the studied population: inadequate basic foodstuffs (28.4% in vegetables), not needed developed food excesses (47.2% in sausages) and incorrect diet in 32.6%. Found statistical significance between origin and deficit of foods (milk 39.1% of Indo-Pakistanis) or excess (sausages 71.8% of the Caribbean). In the dietary's assessment: correct 57.1% of Maghrebi or incorrect 48.1% of Pakistani Indus and 43.1% in the Eastern Europe. Conclusions. Inadequate habits of nutrition and their association to certain regions must be taken into account because of the risk on childhood and adult health. Resources to specific preventive and educational actions are needed (AU)

[Infant feeding in recent immigrant population]. / Alimentación en población infantil inmigrante recién llegada.

INTRODUCTION: The excess or deficiency of nutrients have related health problems. The aim of this study is to describe the eating habits of immigrants on their arrival and their relationship with socio-demographic variables and pathologies associated. METHODS: A descriptive, observational transversal study. POPULATION: immigrants between 6 months and 15 years. VARIABLES: age, sex and country of origin. Children under 24 months food supply introduction according to WHO and ESPGHAN. In the entire population: cereal/farinaceous rations, fruits, vegetables, milk, protein, legumes, oils and fats, pastry, sweets and candy, soft drinks, salty snacks, nuts, cocoa, tea and coffee. Presence or not: low share, obesity and caries. RESULTS: In children under 24 months were found significant percentages in incorrect introduction of certain foods (36.7% milk cow). In the studied population: inadequate basic foodstuffs (28.4% in vegetables), not needed developed food excesses (47.2% in sausages) and incorrect diet in 32.6%. Found statistical significance between origin and deficit of foods (milk 39.1% of Indo-Pakistanis) or excess (sausages 71.8% of the Caribbean). In the dietary's assessment: correct 57.1% of Maghrebi or incorrect 48.1% of Pakistani Indus and 43.1% in the Eastern Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate habits of nutrition and their association to certain regions must be taken into account because of the risk on childhood and adult health. Resources to specific preventive and educational actions are needed.

Indicación de la determinación de los anticuerpos para los virus de la hepatitis C y de la hepatitis A en los protocolos de atención a los niños inmigrantes / Indication of determination of antibodies against hepatitis C and A viruses in the protocol for the care of young immigrants

ObjetivoValorar la determinación sistemática de los anticuerpos para el virus de la hepatitis C (Ac. VHC) y para el virus de la hepatitis A (Ac. VHA) dentro de los protocolo de atención a niños inmigrantes (PANI).MétodosEstudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico. Se determinaron los Ac. VHC y Ac.VHA, en niños de 6 meses a 15 años procedentes de países de baja renta que habían inmigrado hacía menos de 12 meses. Se registró la edad, el sexo y el país de origen. Se ha comparado el coste de la vacunación (con vacuna HA y vacuna HA-HB, precio de sanidad pública y precio de venta al público) a todos los niños inmigrantes sin cribado, con el coste de la vacunación sólo a los no inmunes.ResultadosSe determinaron los Ac. VHC a 1055 niños/as, un caso resultó positivo: 0,09% (IC95%: 0–0,53%). Se determinaron los Ac. VHA a 992 niños/as, y fueron positivos el 38% (IC 95%: 35,0–41,1); en los de América Central y del Sur (n=352) el 34,9%; del Magreb (n=246) el 44,7%; de Indo-Pakistán (n=162) el 58,6%. Según el país de procedencia, la edad y el precio de la vacuna utilizada, es eficiente la determinación de los Ac. VHA previamente a la vacunación para el VHA.ConclusionesLa baja prevalencia de Ac. VHC en población infantil inmigrada no justifica su determinación sistemática. Valorar la determinación de los Ac. VHA en cada niño inmigrante en particular puede aumentar la eficiencia de los PANI (AU)

ObjectivesTo evaluate systematic determination of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) within the protocols for the care of young immigrants (PCYI).MethodsWe performed a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Antibodies against HCV and HAV were determined in children aged from 6 months to 15 years from low-income countries who had immigrated to Spain less than 12 months previously. Age, sex and country of origin were registered. The cost of vaccinating all immigrant children (with the HA vaccine and HA-HB vaccine, public health price and retail price) without screening was compared with that of vaccinating non-immune children only.ResultsHCV antibodies were determined in 1055 children and only one was positive [0.09% (95% CI: 0–0.53%)]. HAV antibodies were determined in 992 children and, overall, 38% were positive (95% CI: 35.0–41.1). Distribution by country of origin was as follows: Central and South America (n=352) 34.9%, Maghreb (n=246) 44.7%, and India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (n=162) 58.6%. According to the children's age, country of origin, and the price of the vaccine used, HAV antibody determination in young immigrants before HAV vaccination is efficient.ConclusionsBecause of the low prevalence of HCV antibodies in the pediatric immigrant population, systematic determination is not warranted. Evaluating HAV antibodies in each immigrant child could increase the efficiency of PCYI (AU)

[Indication of determination of antibodies against hepatitis C and A viruses in the protocol for the care of young immigrants]. / Indicación de la determinación de los anticuerpos para los virus de la hepatitis C y de la hepatitis A en los protocolos de atención a los niños inmigrantes.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate systematic determination of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) within the protocols for the care of young immigrants (PCYI). METHODS: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Antibodies against HCV and HAV were determined in children aged from 6 months to 15 years from low-income countries who had immigrated to Spain less than 12 months previously. Age, sex and country of origin were registered. The cost of vaccinating all immigrant children (with the HA vaccine and HA-HB vaccine, public health price and retail price) without screening was compared with that of vaccinating non-immune children only. RESULTS: HCV antibodies were determined in 1055 children and only one was positive [0.09% (95% CI: 0-0.53%)]. HAV antibodies were determined in 992 children and, overall, 38% were positive (95% CI: 35.0-41.1). Distribution by country of origin was as follows: Central and South America (n=352) 34.9%, Maghreb (n=246) 44.7%, and India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (n=162) 58.6%. According to the children's age, country of origin, and the price of the vaccine used, HAV antibody determination in young immigrants before HAV vaccination is efficient. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the low prevalence of HCV antibodies in the pediatric immigrant population, systematic determination is not warranted. Evaluating HAV antibodies in each immigrant child could increase the efficiency of PCYI.

Relación calcio/creatinina en orina de niños sanos desde la edad de recién nacidos hasta los 5 años

Se analiza el valor del índice calciocreatinina (Cau/Cru) en orina de niños desde la etapa de recién nacidos hasta los 5 años de edad. Los recién nacidos mostraron valor promedio de Cau/Cru de 0.25 ñ 0.11, 0.21 ñ 0.04 y 0.17 ñ 0.03 al primero, a los 8 y los 28 días de edad respectivamente. En niños 1-24 meses de edad el índice Cau/Cru fue en promedio de 0.25 ñ 0.010 y los de 25-48 meses de edad mostró valor promedio de 0.24 ñ 0.08. Finalmente en los comprendido entre 49-60 meses el índice mostró un valor de 0.28 ñ 0.13. Se analizan estos resultados y se comparan con los observados por otros autores y se concluye que el índice Cau/Cru es mayor antes de los 5 años que a otras edades